Castle São Jorge, Lisbon

The Castelo de São Jorge (Castle of Saint George) stands majestically above central Lisbon and was seat of power for Portugal for over 400 years, though much of the castle’s battlements were re-constructed during the 1920s, the castle still retains the air of importance and self-confidence. For those visitors who make the climb, Castelo de São Jorge provides fantastic views of Baixa and a substantial fortified citadel to explore making it a must see tourist attraction of Lisbon.

The excellent vantage point of Castelo de São Jorge high above the River Tejo made it a prime defensive position and the site has been used since the roman era. The Roman Empire built extensively around Lisbon and the 5000 spectator amphitheatre indicates the importance of Lisbon. The oldest archaeological remains discovered within the castle date from the 6th century when Lisbon was part of the Oppidum Empire.

The reconstructed castle and battlements that can be viewed today are based on the layout from the 11th century and the introduction of Christianity to Portugal as part of the second crusade. Before 1147 Lisbon was an important Moorish trading port with strong ties to North African heart land.

Afonso Henriques had answered the Popes call to “free the holy Lands” as part of the second crusades and with his army drove the Moors from Lisbon and surrounding lands. The victory is romantically remembered as the liberation of Lisbon but Alfonso’s mercenary army consisted of drunks and thieves, who once freed Lisbon from their slavery promptly sacked the city.

Afonso Henriques claimed the crown of Portugal and sensing a counter attack from the Moors built the Castelo de São Jorge high on the defensive position. The fear of counter attack was incorporate into the design of the original castle, with the citadel the last line of defence.

Successive kings of Portugal strengthened the defensive capabilities of Castelo de São Jorge to improve the survival chances of a frontal attack or extended siege. The walls, cellars and wells were upgraded to withstand long sieges and defensive fortifications improved to make access difficult.

The gradient leading to the main entrance was increased and a sharp 180 degree corner included preventing deployment of battering rams or cavalry charges. Other features which can still be found within the castle included; traitor gates, false doors and the entire surface stepped to provide maximum protection for defenders.

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